Identification
Anthracnose is identified by its damage appearing on the leaves and shoots of infected trees and shrubs. This includes brown spots and water-soaked lesions, which turn into brown spots or large, irregularly shaped areas of dead tissue. As the disease progresses, leaves may become curled or distorted, with severe infections resulting in premature leaf drop. On twigs and branches, cankers can form, potentially killing the wood. These symptoms are most prevalent during periods of cool, wet weather which favor the spread of the disease.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of anthracnose-causing fungi is closely tied to seasonal weather patterns. Spores overwinter in infected plant debris and are spread by rain or irrigation water in spring, infecting leaves and shoots of nearby plants. The infection cycle, spore production and dissemination can occur multiple times within a single growing season, especially in conditions of persistent wetness. Because the disease can survive within fallen leaves and debris, it can survive through winter and reinfect new growth in the following spring.
Distribution & Habitat
Anthracnose is found across diverse geographical regions, thriving in environments that offer wet, cool conditions. This enables it to affect many deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, primarily targeting shade trees like oak, ash, maple and sycamore. The fungi spores are spread by wind, rain, and contaminated pruning tools, facilitating its widespread distribution.
Damage & Symptoms
The primary damage from anthracnose includes leaf blight, defoliation and weakened plant health. This disease attacks the leaves and shoots of trees and shrubs, reducing the affected plant’s ability to effectively photosynthesize. This weakening can make plants more vulnerable to additional stressors from pests and other diseases. Recognizing symptoms early can help to prevent significant damage.
Management & Control
Biological Controls: Based on the severity of the infection, biofungicides and beneficial microorganisms that target the anthracnose-causing fungi without harming the environment should be considered.
Chemical Controls: Consider applying fungicides as a preventive measure in early spring or when the disease is first detected.
Prevention
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