Identification
True to its name, ground ivy grows low to the ground creating dense mats of this invasive weed. Ground ivy plants have heart-shaped (some say kidney-shaped) leaves with scalloped edges that are attached in pairs opposite each other on square stems that can grow as long as 30 inches. Ground ivy produces light blue-purple funnel-shaped flowers in the spring.
Life Cycle
This plant reproduces by seeds and creeping stems, enabling it to spread rapidly. Its growth accelerates in spring and fall, with flowering occurring in early spring. Despite its perennial behavior, ground ivy can persist year-round, posing a persistent challenge.
Distribution & Habitat
Ground ivy is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the 1800’s as a medicinal or ornamental plant. It’s highly adaptable to a variety of habitats and favors damp, shaded locations, such as wooded areas, gardens and neglected lawns. Its adaptability to various soil types and climates contributes to its prevalence across different regions.
Damage & Symptoms
Ground ivy is a direct threat to lawns, with its aggressive growth competing with grass for nutrients, water and sunlight. Common symptoms of a ground ivy invasion include thinning grass, thin patches and reduced turf density. Ground ivy can easily hinder the growth of desirable plants. Early detection is key to preventing extensive damage.
Management & Control
Managing ground ivy requires an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy. Starting with cultural practices to suppress its growth, such as regular mowing, proper fertilization and improving soil drainage. Biological controls, including introducing natural predators or competitive plant species, can aid in reducing its spread.
Prevention
Ground ivy infestation prevention starts with maintaining a healthy lawn. This includes adequate sunlight, proper irrigation and regular maintenance. Making a practice of treating a lawn with proper watering, fertilization and aeration will strengthen the lawn’s ability to deter the invasion of this persistent weed. Using barriers to growth, such as mulch or landscape fabric, can help prevent ground ivy. Regular monitoring with prompt attention to any areas of bare soil to minimize opportunities for weeds to establish.
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